ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION

Much of the world’s weather is determined by two atmospheric cells: the Hadley cell and the Polar cell. Cells are atmospheric cycles (that are) driven by thermal energy.  Q04  As the sun heats the air near the surface of the earth, the air begins to rise. At a certain point, however, this air encounters a barrier and cannot rise any further. As new air is heated and begins to rise, the warm air near this barrier is pushed sideways, since it cannot move vertically anymore. As it moves, it begins to lose its heat, until it once again begins to sink towards the earth, pushing the cooler air below it sideways and forming(분사구문 ~하면서, 병렬구조) a circular movement of air, which is called a cell. (= Cool air tends to sink below warm air )

The Hadley cell begins about 5 degrees north or south of the equator, where the sun’s heating effect is the strongest.  Q03-1  The high temperatures near the equator allow the air to pick up tremendous amounts of moisture from the oceans before it begins to rise. The energy contained in the warm, moist air causes violent thunderstorms, which transport that energy high into the atmosphere.(주어는?) As the warm, moist air begins its horizontal  movement, it begins to lose energy in the form of heat. By the time it reaches a latitude of about 30 degrees north or south, it has lost(       사실) enough heat energy to once again sink towards the earth. In the last part of the cycle, the air flows back towards the equator to begin the cycle again.  Q01 An important effect of this is that the Hadley cell creates the strong  trade winds  that early sailors used to cross the seas.

A    Q05-1  The Polar cell begins at much higher latitudes, where the air is considerably cooler and drier.   B   Although these atmospheric conditions are somewhat different, the  mechanics that drive the Polar cell are the same as those =(          ) for the Hadley cell.  Q05-2  At about 60 degrees north or south, the air still has enough heat to drive a cell cycle.   C    Q02   Q03-2  As the air rises, it encounters a similar barrier and begins to move laterally instead of vertically.   D   By the time  it =        reaches the North or South Pole, it has lost nearly all of its heat and sinks back down to the earth. The major difference is that the air was never warm enough to pick up much moisture, so this part of the cycle involves much less water loss than it does in the Hadley cell. The major effect of the Polar cell on weather is that it creates a jet stream, the strong eastern wind pattern that controls much of the weather at northern and southern latitudes.

1. ** 시제 일치 예외의 3가지 조건 **

1) 내용이 "미래"여야 한다.

2) "시간"이나 "조건"을 나타내는

3) "부사절"이어야 한다.

-> 그러면 "미래시제"여도 "부사절"은 "현재시제"로 써야 한다.

(주절은 미래로~)

시간/조건 부사절 접속사 + 주어 + 현재동사 ~~ , 주어 + 미래동사~~~.

(부사절)                          (주절)

= 주어 + 미래동사 ~~ 시간/조건 부사절 접속사 + 주어 + 현재동사 ~~~.

(주절)                                         (부사절)

When you finish your book, I will borrow it.

따라서 시간 부사절 접속사인 by the time도 여기에 해당

By the time + 주어 + 현재동사~, 주어 + will have p.p. ~

: ~할 무렵이면 ~를 완료했을 것이다.

특히 미래 중에서도 미래완료시제와 잘 쓰입니다.

By the time Monday comes, I will have recovered from my cold.

By the time + 주어 + 과거동사~, 주어 + had p.p. ~

: ~했을 무렵, ~를 완료했다.

By the time I got home, the movie had already ended.

2. sideways = laterally

vertically <-> horizontally

어휘 |  atmospheric 대기의    circulation 순환    thermal 열의    encounter 부딪히다, 마주치다    vertically 수직으로    tremendous 엄청난 moisture 습기, 수분    transport 이동시키다    horizontal 수평의    trade wind 무역풍    laterally 측면으로, 옆쪽으로 stream 기류